Building renovations often displayed a vast amount of uncertainty as building records and historical data could be erroneous or lack information. With this, the company developed designs aimed at minimizing occupant disturbance by providing temporary system connections.

Specifically for electrical, engineers evaluated the electrical requirements, general purpose repositories, electrical distribution systems, lighting systems and any specialized electrical provisions. Load requirements of the machinery, equipment and receptacles were defined. Equipment location and wiring routes were then developed to determine the optimal location for the building’s electrical distribution system (EDS), main switchboard and panelboards to distribute power to the branch circuits. Before the circuits and feeders could be installed, tests were performed.

Plumbing system design required review of the building occupancy and plumbing fixture requirements to determine the necessary flow for all water supply fixtures. Engineers performed in depth technical calculations to derive pipe sizes based on flow rate and velocity limitations. The company analyzed static and residual pressure. Hydraulic engineering principles were also used to determine the available pressure. The anticipated high and low pressures were critical to ensure the plumbing systems are operating properly and efforts were made to determine pressure losses through the building’s interior supply systems including pipe friction, elevation loss, and equipment loss. Piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&ID) for documentation of pipe lengths, diameters, flows and materials were assessed to ensure the load calculations are correct.